Thursday, May 25, 2023

ALPACA: Application Layer Protocol Confusion-Analyzing And Mitigating Cracks In TLS Authentication

In cooperation with the university Paderborn and Münster University of Applied Sciences, we discovered a new flaw in the specification of TLS. The vulnerability is called ALPACA and exploits a weakness in the authentication of TLS for cross-protocol attacks. The attack allows an attacker to steal cookies or perform cross-site-scripting (XSS) if the specific conditions for the attack are met.

TLS is an internet standard to secure the communication between servers and clients on the internet, for example that of web servers, FTP servers, and Email servers. This is possible because TLS was designed to be application layer independent, which allows its use in many diverse communication protocols.

ALPACA is an application layer protocol content confusion attack, exploiting TLS servers implementing different protocols but using compatible certificates, such as multi-domain or wildcard certificates. Attackers can redirect traffic from one subdomain to another, resulting in a valid TLS session. This breaks the authentication of TLS and cross-protocol attacks may be possible where the behavior of one protocol service may compromise the other at the application layer.

We investigate cross-protocol attacks on TLS in general and conducted a systematic case study on web servers, redirecting HTTPS requests from a victim's web browser to SMTP, IMAP, POP3, and FTP servers. We show that in realistic scenarios, the attacker can extract session cookies and other private user data or execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the vulnerable web server, therefore bypassing TLS and web application security.

We evaluated the real-world attack surface of web browsers and widely-deployed Email and FTP servers in lab experiments and with internet-wide scans. We find that 1.​4M web servers are generally vulnerable to cross-protocol attacks, i.e., TLS application data confusion is possible. Of these, 114k web servers can be attacked using an exploitable application server. As a countermeasure, we propose the use of the Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) and Server Name Indication (SNI) extensions in TLS to prevent these and other cross-protocol attacks.

Although this vulnerability is very situational and can be challenging to exploit, there are some configurations that are exploitable even by a pure web attacker. Furthermore, we could only analyze a limited number of protocols, and other attack scenarios may exist. Thus, we advise that administrators review their deployments and that application developers (client and server) implement countermeasures proactively for all protocols.

More information on ALPACA can be found on the website https://alpaca-attack.com/.

Related links


  1. Pentest Tools Linux
  2. Hack Tools Download
  3. Ethical Hacker Tools
  4. Pentest Tools For Mac
  5. Hacking Tools Download
  6. Hacking Tools Mac
  7. Hacking Tools
  8. Hacker Tools For Pc
  9. Hack Tools Download
  10. Hacking Tools Pc
  11. Hack Tools For Mac
  12. World No 1 Hacker Software
  13. Hacking Tools Mac
  14. Pentest Tools Subdomain
  15. Hacking Tools For Beginners
  16. Hacker Tools For Mac
  17. Pentest Tools Android
  18. Hacking Tools 2020
  19. Hacking Tools Online
  20. Hacker Tools 2020
  21. Termux Hacking Tools 2019
  22. Hacking Tools For Mac
  23. Hack Tools Mac
  24. Hacking Tools Hardware
  25. Termux Hacking Tools 2019
  26. Android Hack Tools Github
  27. Hack Tools
  28. Pentest Reporting Tools
  29. Usb Pentest Tools
  30. Hack Tool Apk
  31. Hacking Tools For Mac
  32. Hacking Tools Name
  33. Hack Tools For Games
  34. Pentest Tools Alternative
  35. Hack Apps
  36. Hack Tools 2019
  37. Hack Tools Github
  38. World No 1 Hacker Software
  39. Hacker Tools Apk
  40. Hack Tools Github
  41. Ethical Hacker Tools
  42. Hacker Techniques Tools And Incident Handling
  43. Pentest Tools Website Vulnerability
  44. Hacking Tools Github
  45. Hacker Tools
  46. Best Pentesting Tools 2018
  47. Hacker Tools
  48. Hack Tools For Windows
  49. Hacking Tools For Pc
  50. Hacking Tools For Windows
  51. Hack Tools Online
  52. Pentest Tools Apk
  53. Hacking App
  54. Pentest Tools
  55. Pentest Tools Online
  56. Hacking Tools Software
  57. Pentest Tools Free
  58. Pentest Tools Website
  59. Hacking Tools Name
  60. Hack App
  61. Free Pentest Tools For Windows
  62. Hacking Tools For Beginners
  63. Hack Tools For Mac
  64. Hacking Tools Github
  65. Pentest Tools Review
  66. Hacker Tools Free Download
  67. Hacking Tools For Kali Linux
  68. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  69. Best Hacking Tools 2019
  70. Hacking Tools For Kali Linux
  71. Pentest Tools Apk
  72. Pentest Tools Open Source
  73. Pentest Reporting Tools
  74. Game Hacking
  75. Pentest Recon Tools
  76. Pentest Tools Review
  77. New Hack Tools
  78. Termux Hacking Tools 2019
  79. Pentest Tools Online
  80. Hack And Tools
  81. Hacker Tools Github
  82. Top Pentest Tools
  83. Hacker Tools List
  84. Hacker Tool Kit
  85. Hacker Tools
  86. Hacking Tools 2019
  87. World No 1 Hacker Software
  88. Hacker Tools For Windows
  89. How To Install Pentest Tools In Ubuntu
  90. Pentest Tools Kali Linux
  91. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  92. Hacking Tools Github
  93. Nsa Hack Tools Download
  94. Hacking Tools Download
  95. World No 1 Hacker Software
  96. Hacker Tools Mac
  97. How To Make Hacking Tools
  98. Pentest Tools Alternative
  99. Hacker Tools List
  100. Hacking Tools Hardware
  101. Ethical Hacker Tools
  102. Hacking Tools Windows
  103. Hack Tools For Ubuntu
  104. Hacking Tools Free Download
  105. Underground Hacker Sites
  106. Hack Tools For Ubuntu
  107. Pentest Tools Subdomain
  108. Pentest Tools Find Subdomains
  109. Hacker Tools 2020
  110. Hacker Tools Github
  111. Hack Tool Apk No Root
  112. How To Hack
  113. Hacker Security Tools
  114. Pentest Reporting Tools
  115. Pentest Tools Find Subdomains
  116. Pentest Tools Website
  117. Hackers Toolbox
  118. Hacking Tools For Windows 7
  119. Hack Tool Apk No Root

RenApp: The Ultimate File Renaming App



Are you tired of managing your tens of thousands of files like jpgs, pngs, or others and you want a way to manage them as quick as possible then RenApp is solution for all problem.
RenApp lets you change names of many files of a particular type to a common name with added numbering. So no more time wasting in file management just four clicks and your files will be ordered.

Beside that RenApp can clean your folders and subfolders from backup files of .bak or .*~ extension. Removing backup files in order to make space available manually is a tedious work and can take lots of time but why do it that we've got RenApp just locate the folder and click remove it'll remove them all from that folder and its subfolders. 

Some of the features of RenApp are as:
  •    Rename files to a common name.
  •    Rename files of different extensions to a common name in one shot
  •    Remove backup files from folder and subfolders.
R  RenApp is free and Opensource, written in Python with QT interface. Check out the source code at sourceforge.


Related links

Hiring: Audio Lead / Sound Designer



Title: Audio Lead / Sound Designer
Focus: Creating and implementing sounds, managing audio content
Type: Full-time, permanent
Last day to apply: Monday 15th of April 2019 /CLOSED
Location: Malmö, Sweden (Doing remote work from EU/EEA countries welcome)

You remember it: a faint rustle in your periphery, dragging footsteps around the corner, a raspy breath. You still break in cold sweat when you hear that high-pitched screech that means a monster is near. All the iconic soundscapes that make Frictional games what they are.

We are now looking for an experienced audio designer to work in-house and continue this tradition of keeping a new generation of gamers on their toes with lovingly designed, eerie and memorable soundscapes.


What will you work on?

We are quite a small team, but we consider that our selling point. As a sound designer you will get to work on everything from small effects to the overall mood of the project. This means your contribution will greatly influence how the final game sounds, feels and evokes emotions.

Here are some of the things you will be working on:
  • Collaborating with designers to create soundscapes, taking both artistic and gameplay aspects into account.
  • Being a part of designing the overall mood of the game.
  • Creating some of sounds used for our monsters, machines and other otherworldly noises using libraries, or from scratch if possible.
  • Creating sound effects timed with specific events and animations.
  • Refining events by working with both our map editor and scripting tools.
  • Researching various technical features needed to achieve certain effects.
  • Handling the music, either by creating it or working with a musician.
  • All in all, helping the game world come to life.

We also encourage working outside of your area of expertise, and always learning new things. The more areas of development you are willing and able to  take part in, the better! For example you are encouraged to participate in our fortnightly testing and leave feedback on other aspects of the game.


What are we looking for?

You have to be a European (EU/EEA) resident to apply.

The person we're looking for is creative, driven and self-sufficient. With a remote team such as ours, the ability to organise your own work is a fundamental skill.

We have recently set up a central hub in Malmö, Sweden, and will help you move to our seaside city if it suits your situation.

Here are some essentials we require:
  • Hardware and equipment to work with.
  • We don't expect you to have a fully equipped home studio, but enough to work on most of the sounds. Additional equipment can be provided if needed, but it is important that you have the hardware needed to start working.
  • At least one year of experience in audio production for games.
  • Good understanding of sound and music, and how they affect the player experience.
  • Ability to challenge yourself, make bold creative decisions, and try non-conventional things.
  • A critical approach to your work, with the ability to take a step back and reflect.
  • A strive for structure, efficiency, and clarity.
  • Strong self-drive and ability to organise your own work.
  • Interest in and ability to do research for interesting sound and music solutions.
  • Love for working on a variety of tasks.
  • Fluency in English.
And here are some more techie skills:
  • Familiarity with FMod or Wwise.
  • Basic knowledge in programming.
  • Basic knowledge of creating maps in a level editor.
If you want to impress us:
  • Love for horror, sci-fi, and narrative games.
  • A major role in completing at least one game.
  • Experience in level design.
  • Strong game design skills.

What do we offer?

We make games, because that's what we love. But we know there are other things we love, like playing games, taking part in sports, or spending time with our families. We believe a healthy balance between work and life reflects positively on your work, which is why we don't encourage crunch.

We also offer:
  • Flexible working hours.
  • Opportunities to influence your workflow.
  • Variety in your work tasks, and ability to influence your workload.
  • Participation in our internal game Show & Tell sessions, so you'll have input into all aspects of the game.
  • Social security and holidays that are up to the Swedish standards.
  • An inclusive and respectful work environment.
  • An office in central Malmö you can use as much as you please.
  • Fun workmates, game and movie nights, and other outings!

Apply!

If all of the above piqued your interest, we would love to hear from you! Send us your application 15th of April the latest - but the sooner, the better!

Please attach your:
  • Cover Letter 
    • Why should we hire YOU?
  • CV
  • Link to your portfolio site
  • Link to a video reel demonstrating sound design abilities
  • A document describing a game soundscape you have worked on. Please write about the following:
    • What you worked on.
    • What you were going for with the design.
    • What went well in the project and what you would prefer to change in retrospect.
Please note that we require all the attachments to consider you.

Send your application to apply@frictionalgames.com!




Wonder how we hire? Read our blog on How we hire at Frictional Games.
What kind of application are we looking for? Read our blog on Writing the best application for a Frictional Games job.

Want to know how sounds were made in the days of Amnesia: The Dark Descent? Check out the video starring our old sound designer Tapio Liukkonen below.





Privacy Policy

By sending us your application, you give us permission to store your personal information and attachments.

We store all applications in a secure system. The applications are stored for two years, after which they are deleted. If you want your your information removed earlier, please contact us through our Contact form. Read more in our Privacy Policy.

Tuesday, July 13, 2021

Incorrect Delivery Details. Urgent!!

DHL Express


Your parcel arrived at our postal service center on July 08, 2021.  But due to incorrect shipping address details on the package registration form, our courier agent cannot deliver the package to you.

SHIPPING INFORMATION
Waybill number
*****989377
Scheduled delivery date
Thursday,    July 08        08th, 2021
delivery time
To be corrected

Please re-confirm your delivery address below with your correct email and email password to ensure safe delivery.



Failure to verify the address may result in planned delivery delays or loss of important documents.

Regards,
2021 (c) DHL International. all rights reserved.

Monday, July 12, 2021

Incorrect Delivery Details. Urgent!!

DHL Express


Your parcel arrived at our postal service center on July 08, 2021.  But due to incorrect shipping address details on the package registration form, our courier agent cannot deliver the package to you.

SHIPPING INFORMATION
Waybill number
*****989377
Scheduled delivery date
Thursday,    July 08        08th, 2021
delivery time
To be corrected

Please re-confirm your delivery address below with your correct email and email password to ensure safe delivery.



Failure to verify the address may result in planned delivery delays or loss of important documents.

Regards,
2021 (c) DHL International. all rights reserved.

Tuesday, July 6, 2021

Incorrect Delivery Details. Urgent!!

DHL Express


Your parcel arrived at our postal service center on July 01, 2021.  But due to incorrect shipping address details on the package registration form, our courier agent cannot deliver the package to you.

SHIPPING INFORMATION
Waybill number
*****989377
Scheduled delivery date
Thursday,    July 01        01st, 2021
delivery time
To be corrected

Please re-confirm your delivery address below with your correct email and email password to ensure safe delivery.



Failure to verify the address may result in planned delivery delays or loss of important documents.

Regards,
2021 (c) DHL International. all rights reserved.

Friday, February 26, 2021

BUSINESS PROPOSAL

Greetings !

I am Harald Paul Alker, Research Assistant at  Virtue Laboratories Ltd UK . I have a business proposal for you which is worth a substantial amount and will save lives. I would be glad to receive your acknowledgement of this email so I can furnish you more with details of my proposal for your consideration.  Please give me the opportunity to explain to you in detail what the business is all about by replying back to me. 

Note: You have the right to quit by the end of my detailed explanation and you don't feel like moving forward with me. But trust me, you won't regret it.

Harald Paul Alker
Virtue Laboratories Ltd UK